Lowest Mass Lunar Systems
It has been interesting to connect my closeup observation of “Jet Pack” fliers with my thoughts about Lunar Landings. (The “Rocket Man” was taking off just the other side of the fence from us at the “X PRIZE Cup event, 2006.) The roughly 22 seconds of flight available with a “Jet Pack” stretches to about 180 seconds on the Moon (at 1/6 G thrust, and assuming a 35% increase in ISP working into a vacuum.) What these skilled fliers do exceeded my expectations for what is humanly possible, in a difficult control environment! (Flying these is NOT EASY and involves a lot of cautious training!)
On the Moon, the control actions are effectively in slow motion, and much less demanding. The total energy and momentum involved do not, however, diminish and even greater caution is necessary. Good altitude and velocity measurements are highly desirable, since at the greater altitudes attainable, operation is less “instinctive”. Using ½ the fuel for lift off, vertical velocity can approach 150 meters per second, and reach 6,750 meters ( 22,000 feet) altitude or reach 13.5 km horizontal distance with optimally angled flight! (Both numbers are reduced by “gravity loss” with practical thrust values.) These calculations assume that ½ of the usable fuel is saved for landing (plus all of the normal 10% reserve for safety) since the 150 meter per second landing velocity represents a 1100 meter (3,300 foot) free fall on Earth, without the assistance of air drag!
But this is only the performance using the same “Jet Pack”! A practical limitation on Earth, is the mass of the unit strapped onto a flier's back. The standard system masses 50 to 60 pounds with full fuel. This reduces to 10 pounds weight on the Moon, added to the flier's 30 pound lunar weight. Keeping in mind that the flier's legs are not able to absorb much more momentum or energy on the Moon, with care, a user can handle much greater total backpack mass. A modest increase in fuel ISP can also be arranged, since 90% Hydrogen Peroxide monopropellant is far from the best obtainable storable propellant. Doubling the Delta V available quadruples the obtainable altitude and distance, giving 54 km distance for a single hop. The back pack could still “weigh” only 15 pounds (90 pounds mass). Gone are thoughts of Lunar Explorers slowly plodding over the surface to return from from an excursion!
I have just begun visualizing how this could change lunar operations, so I won't pursue those thoughts now. But consider that lightweight systems with a fueled mass equal to the suited astronaut's (about 100 kg (220 pounds) added to his suited 100 kg (220 pounds)), could allow him to achieve orbit, and rendezvous personally with a lunar orbit habitat. The weight on his legs, preparing to take off, would still be only 33 kg (73 pounds)!
Keeping in mind the astronaut's need to manage two and a half times his normal mass (and the greater resulting inertia with every motion), it is obvious that a he could also land with that mass on his back. Again, noting the “Rocket Man's” ability to conduct precision landings on Earth with three times that weight on his legs (landing just after takeoff, with nearly full fuel still in his backpack) – and without the “slow motion” - factor of 2.45 increase in time available for each flight adjustment at 1/6 G - it is obvious that this would be a very practical way to get astronauts down onto the Moon with their full orbital return equipment strapped on.
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