Power for Lunar Surface Systems
Efficient, reliable power systems are paramount for operations of lunar surface systems. The DC power system in Red Rover was designed and built with this principle in mind. Pictured below is a diagram of the complete power system. The system is required to extract the correct amount of power from the solar panels, charge the rover’s batteries without damaging them, and convert that battery power into clean power for the rover’s onboard electronics. In order to accomplish this, several different components work together to form a power system capable of making effective use of solar power and properly distributing that power throughout the rover.
By implementing maximum power point trackers on the rover and lander’s solar panels, it is possible to control the amount of current drawn from the panels. Power point trackers are implemented on each panel, enabling micromanagement of operating points for each panel. Power point control is achieved by using microcontrollers that collect data such as battery voltage and current output. Thus, when the battery voltage is low or the demand for power increases, the microcontrollers will shift the operating point of the solar panels to the maximum power point to meet this demand. This functionality enables the power systems of the rover and lander to safely charge the battery, draw maximum power when needed, and leave excess power on the solar panels.
As of now, there are not enough power point trackers physically built to go on each of the rover and lander’s solar panels. A second version of the power point tracker was fabricated, resulting in a cleaner DC output voltage. Furthermore, the existing power point trackers were fabricated on perfboard, which is not a viable long term solution. Future work for power point tracking would include implementing the power point tracker design on a PCB, and fabricating enough power point trackers for all solar panels of both the rover and lander.
Overall, the implementation of an efficient power system capable of drawing the correct amount of power from solar panels, and cleanly and efficiently distributing that power is imperative for proper functionality of the rover and lander. Although more work exists, a functional foundation off which to build has been designed and implemented, and the power for lunar surface systems will enable mission success.
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